Small Business in South Sudan

Globalization phenomenon is the change in social behaviours and technology that let companies sells the same products around the world.The unique about today’s world, is the fact that the constraints of geography are shrinking and the world is becoming a single place. With aid of ultimate modern network technology, one can sell/buy their product around the globe just by browsing the computer mouth. Economy of any given, territory would correspond to the ratio of gross world product to gross domestic product. In this day and age, firms have no specific territorial location or national identity and the locus of decision. Allocation of resources within such firms would be fluid and flexible, determined by market advantage rather than by tradition. Such territorially based political units as nation-states are in progress severely diminishing or negligible by economic sovereignty. That sovereignty would be unlikely to be aggregated within global institutions but rather would be dispersed and disaggregated to an innumerable of marketized individual decisions. However, during the last quarter of the twentieth century a significant shift has occurred in economic affairs that confirm that the planet is entering a final globalization phase. Globalization manifest itself in a diverse form such as political, economical and military world order headed by world’s powerful United State of America. My main focus on these dilemmas would be on economic globalization which is undoubtedly will affect south Sudan. We have witness throughout twentieth century that world economy is dominated by trans-national corporations that operate independently of political arrangements especially in western economies. These corporations set up global linkages and systems of exchange so that the globe is increasingly constituted as a single market for commodities, labour, and capital. This report will focus on the mode of overcoming and the means of surviving some aspect of globalization, so that we could manipulate these aspects of the mountain for our own advantage in southern Sudan investment. The following areas are key distinct field for understanding the need of global marketing in southern Sudan:

Ø The need to have standard information system in south?

Ø The incentive to encourage educated class to join private sector workforce.

Ø Why globalization is unavoidable in the South Sudan?

The need to establish standard information technology in south Sudan.

In today’s world, controlling the security and integrity of computer systems is an important subject matter. We anticipate GOSS and states government to take positive steps to better control and improve both private and public information technology system. We have to ask ourselves, why south need to establish such a costly technology standard information system. Obviously, banking system and other private and public sector in south will be run by electronic means either at local or international level. Traditionally, business and public sector information in Sudan as a whole and south in particular are stored by the use of papers or files which is impossible in today’s global economy. Due to enormous present of foreign companies, south needs to adjust its policies urgently to acquire high tech technology. Failure to acquire such technology system and break down to enforcing formal information security technology, more companies and government assets will be expose to high risk. The focus in this section is to find out what are technology rewards, threats, and means of controlling these threats.

What are the rewards of modern technology?

Technology allows customers to bank online at a global level; therefore, enabling customers to do even more of their banking and investing online with a more streamlined navigation system. An electronic banking system is a crucial part of modern technology advantage making it indispensable for investment. Current business transactions are run successful by the use of electronic platform that includes telephone and wireless banking, automated bank machines

What are technology threats?
Computer control has been underestimated and downplayed considered unlikely threats. If we ignore the advancement of modern technology under the umbrella of globalization, we will be like a chicken lying on rotten eggs.
Increasingnumber of banking information on bank’s website or in its computer database systems mean that information is available to an unprecedented number of aliens including workers who might be tempted to be rich.
South may sooner or later request technological help from high tech international experts to set up its database network system. This is where real threat of technology fraud can take its course. Theses high tech experts are real potential threat not only for third world countries, which have little idea about technological magic, but even their advanced western hemisphere. What happen during the establishment of network database system is that multiple characteristics types of password strength are created by using a mixture of upper and lowercase alphabetic, numeric, and special characters. These authorization access control matrix, is a table specifying which portions of the system users are permitted to access and what actions they can perform. These matrix passwords are indeed the protectors of our wealth. Can you imagine what will go wrong after system has been created? After database network system has been set up, these experts can get away with these entire government or private sector secrets passwords that can be used later to loot or even to spy on government secrets. These expert can access our network database system even if they are in China, Europe or any other part of planet Mars.
Many of us might have heard the story of fifteen years old hacker American boy who put well established, giant, and well protected international New York Stocks Exchange market into its knee. The young boy manipulated companies financial record by the use of electronic means and got away with millions of dollars within a second in his possession. The boy was caught after two years not because he was detected by well armed, well armoured FBI agents, but simply he was caught taking glory to his class mate for his action.
Modern theft is not done only by physical mean but mostly through electronic means. A police arm with bullet-proof vest and armour vehicle will not see physically the burglar, but robber had already stolen the possession of country’s wealth. One may wake up in the morning and see no force entry into the building of ministry of finance, defence, bank, but burglar have already stolen valuable assets in these building by unknown person through the use of electronic intelligence. In modern days and age, European, Chinese or American burglar for instance can loot bank in Africa while he/she is present physically in the country of their birth.

What are the means of controlling technology threats?

South has to play a critical roll by training its citizens to become computer security professionals.
To secure both government and private computers that contain sensitive data from being assault by skilled attackers, guests should be accompanied to their final destination in company or in government buildings either by receptionist or by the security agent. Some of those guests might possess special boot disk that provides criminals with unfettered privileges and rights to steal information from that computer. Well trained security agent should be stationed at the entrance to verify the identity of employees or guest. All visitors should sign in and to be escort where they want to go in the building especially to the places of computers.
Government at all level and local companies should contract the establishment of its database network system to at least two companies. Each company has to set up security password differently from the first company. In that case, the first contracted company will not gain access to our system because new layers of matrix access have been added into the system by second company.
Passwords should be change frequently, at least every three month to deny hackers access to gain sensitive information.
Preventative control should be establish to verifying the identify of the person or device attempting to access the system and restrict access of authenticated users to specific portions of the system and specific what actions they are permitted to perform. For example, an employee in the taxation department may not be authorized to access the payroll system.

The incentive to encourage educated class to join private sector.

Traditionally, business sector has been look down by all level of our South Sudanese society. Many educated class in our society historically have played a very negative roll when it comes to the issue of business. But in fact, we have to understand that our place in the world is based on our monetary resources, our ability to earn money, and our attitude toward money. Public sector undoubtedly, is the only sector considered by our intellectuals as the most imperative place to be employed. For example, many graduates will be in high spirits if they got employed in the ministry of finance, health, etc. rather than to become business personnel. For any country to be well-off, it has to persuade the development of strong business sector and motivating educated elite by creating some program for them to join the world of investment. Since, today’s business is a very complex matter; South can’t achieve prosperity unless graduates join the field of investment. I believe our people have a very negative attitude toward business sector, even previous government in the history of south Sudan had under valued this sector profoundly. Government have to change its policies if it wishes to succeed to draw knowledgeable class to the field of investment. The following motivating programs should be implemented if we really need investment to develop in south and if we really need to meet the globalization requirement.

Government at all levels should establish private retirement pensions for those working in private sector including investors. Generally when we speak of private pensions we mean employment-related ones, which is away of deferring a portion of your wages until retirement. Employee future benefit is one of important benefits in the future upon retirement. These cash assets are invested by the trustee to earn income for the fund and thus increase the assets in the fund. Contributory pension plans require employees to pay a percentage of their wages to the plan in addition to whatever the employer contribute. Benefits pension plan that should be calculated on the employee’s years of service and on the average wages earned during the employee’s working life where employer is required to add certain amount to the benefit.
Employees changed jobs should be given right to keep their account open until they get another job. The lack of pension in private sector has keep public interest away from private sector.
When one member of married couple dies, the surviving spouse with kids should be given right to received the benefit of their parents which is the case for those working in public sector in the south.
Employees of private sector should be given the same privilege status as those working in public sector.
It has not been uncommon, for example, to see the book value of an individual’s fortune wiped out because of natural or unexpected war related crisis that can drastically escalate within just a few hours. Because no one can predict when an event may occur in some remote corner of the world that may cause investors to panic, it is important for our government to create such benefit packages secure the income for those business people affect by that unpredicted events. Good example for this is the dilemma face by southern traders when crisis took place in the south. Quiet a good number of these became beggars.
Government should create especial program to reward investors in case of natural disasters, for example fire, flood, and other natural catastrophe,
We live in a very materialistic world where money and the quantity of possessions one can acquire with it are becoming very important to many people in the south. Even those for whom money is not an obsession are forced to pay attention to it. We depend on it to acquire the goods and services we need and to maintain our standard of living.
Because investing world for the mentioned catastrophic issues, sometimes could be a fascinating and sometimes confusing. One will not be in position of doing business in today’s world if you cannot afford to lose the invested money. While favourable or unfavourable event can occur over the long term, the investment world can sometimes be like a minefield to both the experienced and the novice investor. This is why government need to pay attention to help the growth of business sector in the south.

Why globalization is unavoidable in the South Sudan?

Globalization clearly opens up opportunities for development. You have undoubtedly heard the expression “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” This phrase describes very well our need for international corporations’ investment in the south Sudan as a whole and in local states in particular. This explains also why it’s essential to welcome foreign investment in the south so that the emerging promise land can integrate itself into the world economy. This process; however, entails risks generated by new sources of instability in trade flows and, especially, finance. While accepting to be a part of the whole, south has to prepare itself for the formidable demands of competitiveness in regional and global level. The present of foreign companies and the need for trade exchange with neighbouring and international firms are some few reasons why it’s crucial for south to create its investment policies that will yield benefit for local investment at the long run.

The present of foreign companies in south Sudan soil: After the signing of comprehensive peace agreement, south Sudan has been populated by foreign companies looking for the investment opportunities. According to reliable sources in Kenyan business sector, more than thirty (30) firms and twenty five thousands (25,000) Kenyan have already set up businesses in south leave alone Ugandan firms and other foreign corporate. These firms will construct railway and rehabilitate roads, put up oil pipeline, open up banking system, erect a fibre-optic cable to bring down the cost of telecommunication, and. tap the oil resources in south Sudan with the establishment of a free port in Lamu, through which oil from south can be shipped to other countries. With these entire neighbouring countries business invasion, GOSS should address a lot of lingering questions before taking the present of these corporate in south for granted. Is it ethical for south to unlock its investment door open for alien Kenyan firms? Are we aware that these companies have got highly experience of how to manipulate the market and banking system electronically for their advantages? Do we know that south has got no information system experts to monitor by electronic means the flow of economic resources and monetary wealth? Do we know that these Kenyan companies are well known for their mishandling public asset, bribery, and financial fraud? These companies could one day be a south’s Pandora box if we take their investment as a good fortune.

Ø Trying to go over these questions, at both two level of southern government, GOSS and states government should develop a policy whereby any foreign companies doing business in its soil has to draw certain share of its workforce from the inhabitant.

Ø This would contribute in lowering unemployment rate and gaining work experience as well as yielding benefit for local investors in the long run. Until the time of referendum, local investors will be in a position to take over these foreign corporate.

Ø South has to create commerce chamber headed by experience people in international trade whose roll is to help local investors to import goods directly from European; American; and Asian manufacturing companies. This will reduce risks of buying imported goods with high tariffs and barriers impose on those products by east Africa countries.

Ø Since we have no standard networking system in place to monitor by electronic mean the flow of our economic resource, south should develop a high tech system to secure its economic resources at both level of government. Failure to do that, we will have no clue what these companies are extracting from our soil. We will have no idea how much quantity of money will be flown into banks of their countries by electronic means. Indeed, it is a world of disinformation age where you have got to trust no one in this volatile global market.

Ø To ensure fulfillment of proper customs procedure concerning imported goods, to prevent illegal import of east Africa stolen cars and other unwanted commodities, and to ensure collection of tariff and domestic consumption tax, it is necessary to collect all forms of foreign goods at specific areas supervised by customs at south-neighboring countries to inspect and to be given southern sale license.

Ø To encourage local investors and to support community economic growth, GOSS and State government has to adapt tariff exemptions and relief for domestic product and imported goods by local investors for at least ten years from now.

The need for trade exchange with neighboring and international firms: Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost a variety of products can be found on the international market. For example food, clothes, spare parts, oil, jewelry, wine, stocks, currencies and water. Services are also traded. For example tourism, banking, consulting and transportation are some advantages of modern global economy. I believe that trade helps grow economies. I think free trade will be an important part in future south’s economy. What we will be concerned about is the barriers and high tariffs impose on imported goods by our neighboring countries would make it harder for us to realize the benefits of global economy, make it harder for us to realize the benefit of trading with those countries and that would be not beneficial for the east Africa countries. Some people might be thinking that Africa is fare away from global economy, but the fact is that the existing east Africa market is a part of the big global economy. The following are some few reasons why south need to be a part of global economy.

Ø East African governments are planned to start a multi-million-dollar project this year to link the east African nation with southern Sudan with enormous oil reserved. This project for sure will help to achieve a significant reduction in oil prices in Uganda, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, all of which import refined oil products through Kenya. The first beneficiary from such project is south Sudan. The money that south will used for transporting oil production to Europe, China, or any other part of the world will be expense on other services.

South will be one of east Africa market beneficiary in many ways. South investors will be able to sell their agriculture product such as farming and livestock product.

In conclusion:

Globalization phenomenon is the change in social behaviours and technology that let companies sells the same products around the world.The unique about today’s world, is the fact that the constraints of geography are shrinking and the world is becoming a single place. Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost a variety of products can be found on the international market. In today’s world, controlling the security and integrity of computer systems is an important subject matter. We anticipate GOSS and states government to take positive steps to better control and improve both private and public information technology system. Traditionally, business sector has been look down by all level of our society. Many educated class in our society historically have played a very negative roll when it comes to the issue of business. But in fact, we have to understand that our place in the world is based on our monetary resources, our ability to earn money, and our attitude toward money. Public sector undoubtedly, is the only sector considered by our intellectuals as the most imperative place to be employed. For example, many graduates will be in high spirits if they got employed in the ministry of finance, health, etc. rather than to become business personnel. For any country to be well-off, it has to persuade the development of strong business sector and motivating educated elite by creating some program for them to join the world of investment. Since, today’s business is a very complex matter; South can’t achieve prosperity unless graduates join the field of investment. I believe our people have a very negative attitude toward business sector, even previous government in the history of south Sudan had under valued this sector profoundly. Government have to change its policies if it wishes to succeed to draw knowledgeable class to the field of investment. The following motivating programs should be implemented if we really need investment to develop in south and if we really need to meet the globalization requirement. Government at all levels should establish private retirement pensions for those working in private sector including investors. Employees changed jobs should be given right to keep their account open until they get another job. The lack of pension in private sector has keep public interest away from private sector. Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost a variety of products can be found on the international market. The present of foreign companies and the need for trade exchange with neighbouring and international firms are some few reasons why it’s crucial for south to create its investment policies that will yield benefit for local investment at the long run.

W Works Cited:

1. http://www.infed.org/biblio/globalization.htm

2. www.imf.org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200.htm - 40k.

3. Fred Tomczyk. Speech. “The TD-Canada Trust Merger: Building a Better Bank.” June 2002.

4. Charles Baillie. Speech. “The Role of Communications in Building a Better Bank.” June 2002.

5. CMA Management Magazine 06 Jan 1999: pg 4.

6. Daniels, Chris. “TD Waterhouse boosts brand.” Marketing Magazine 15 Jul. 2002: pg 5.

7. Allossery, Patrick. “TD aiming to build brand presence: Strategy by Canada Trust deal

8. National Post 03 Dec. 1999: pg C

9. http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=16803